Laravel搭建迷你博客

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部署

项目是直接部署在WampServer环境 版本：3.0.6 （PHP7.0+）

安装框架

使用composer包管理器安装Laravel框架，使用的是Laravel5.4版本

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composer create-project laravel/laravel blog --prefer-dist

配置Apache

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<VirtualHost *:80>
	ServerName miniblog.com
	DocumentRoot G:/wamp64/www/blog/public/
	<Directory  "G:/wamp64/www/blog/public/">
		Options +Indexes +Includes +FollowSymLinks +MultiViews
		AllowOverride All
		Require all granted
	</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

添加Hosts

127.0.0.1 miniblog.com

数据库配置

创建数据库

CREATE DATABASE blog /!40100 COLLATE ‘utf8mb4_general_ci’ /;

修改.env文件

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APP_NAME=迷你博客
DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=blog
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=

开始制作

创建控制器

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php artisan make:controller ArticlesController

创建路由

打开routes文件夹中web.php加入以下代码：

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Route::resource('articles','ArticlesController');

只需要上面这样一行代码，就相当于创建了如下7条路由，且都是命名路由，我们可以使用类似route('articles.show') 这样的用法。

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Route::get('/articles', 'ArticlesController@index')->name('articles.index');
Route::get('/articles/{id}', 'ArticlesController@show')->name('articles.show');
Route::get('/articles/create', 'ArticlesController@create')->name('articles.create');
Route::post('/articles', 'ArticlesController@store')->name('articles.store');
Route::get('/articles/{id}/edit', 'ArticlesController@edit')->name('articles.edit');
Route::patch('/articles/{id}', 'ArticlesController@update')->name('articles.update');
Route::delete('/articles/{id}', 'ArticlesController@destroy')->name('articles.destroy');

如果你使用的PHPStrom的自带终端或者其他终端软件，在项目文件夹下输入

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php artisan route:list

可以查看到路由表所有信息。

创建注册登录

这里还是使用Laravel自带的注册登录组件，在项目下的终端输入

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php artisan make:auth

验证码扩展包

Composer验证码包简介：https://packagist.org/packages/mews/captcha

也用中文验证码包：https://packagist.org/packages/kangkang66/captcha

安装

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composer require mews/captcha

配置

使用Captcha服务提供者之前还需要在config/app.php中注册服务提供者：

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'providers' => [
    // ...
    Mews\Captcha\CaptchaServiceProvider::class,
]

同时注册下相应门面：

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'aliases' => [
    // ...
    'Captcha' => Mews\Captcha\Facades\Captcha::class,
]

如果要使用自定义的配置，还可以发布配置文件到config目录：

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php artisan vendor:publish

编辑新生成的Captcha.php

重写默认登录注册验证方法

找到：app\Http\Controllers\Auth\LoginController.php
进入use AuthenticatesUsers类找到validateLogin方法，修改验证方法代码如下：

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protected function validateLogin(Request $request)
{
    $this->validate($request, [
        $this->username() => 'required|string',
        'password' => 'required|string',
        'captcha' =>'required|captcha|max:5|string'
    ],[
        'captcha.captcha'=>trans('验证码错误！'),
        'captcha.required'=>trans('验证码为必须！'),
    ]);
}

同理，也可以在注册也添加上验证码：
找到app\Http\Controllers\Auth\RegisterController.php
修改验证：

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protected function validator(array $data)
{
    return Validator::make($data, [
        'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
        'email' => 'required|string|email|max:255|unique:users',
        'password' => 'required|string|min:6|confirmed',
        'captcha'=>'required|max:5|captcha|string'
    ],[
        'captcha.captcha'=>trans('验证码错误！'),
        'captcha.required'=>trans('验证码为空！')
    ]);
}

对视图文件的添加

添加验证码图片+验证

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<div class="form-group{{ $errors->has('captcha') ? ' has-error' : '' }}">
    <label for="text" class="col-md-4 control-label">验证码</label>

    <div class="col-md-6">
        <input id="text" type="captcha" class="form-control" name="captcha" required>
        <br/>
        <span class="input-group-btn">
            <img style="" src="{{captcha_src()}}"
                 onclick="this.src='{{captcha_src()}}' + Math.random()">
        </span>
        @if ($errors->has('captcha'))
            <span class="help-block">
                <strong>{{ $errors->first('captcha') }}</strong>
            </span>
        @endif
    </div>
</div>

创建数据表

利用 artisan 命令生成迁移：

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php artisan make:migration create_articles_talbe

然后打开迁移文件：

database/migrations/XXXX_create_articles_table.php

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<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateArticlesTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('articles',function (Blueprint $table){
            $table->increments('id');
            $table->string('title');
            $table->longText('content')->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('articles');
    }
}

在Laravel5.4中要修改默认字符串长度，app/Providers/AppServiceProvider.php

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<?php

namespace App\Providers;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
use Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider;

class AppServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
{
    /**
     * Bootstrap any application services.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function boot()
    {
        Schema::defaultStringLength(191);
    }

    /**
     * Register any application services.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function register()
    {
        //
    }
}

生成数据表

在终端里输入

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php artisan migrate

如果有错误或者需要修改，可以使用下面命令

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php artisan migrate:rollback

创建模型

利用 artisan 命令创建模型：

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php artisan make:model Article

打开模型文件，输入以下代码：

app/Article.php

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<?php

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Article extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'articles';

    protected $fillable = [
        'title',
        'content',
    ];
}

这样就可以指定某个表的可写字段。

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php artisan route:list

可以查看到每个路由的控制器的方法

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+--------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
| Domain | Method    | URI                     | Name             | Action                                                                 | Middleware   |
+--------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+
|        | GET|HEAD  | /                       |                  | Closure                                                                | web          |
|        | GET|HEAD  | api/user                |                  | Closure                                                                | api,auth:api |
|        | GET|HEAD  | articles                | articles.index   | App\Http\Controllers\ArticlesController@index                          | web          |
|        | POST      | articles                | articles.store   | App\Http\Controllers\ArticlesController@store                          | web          |
|        | GET|HEAD  | articles/create         | articles.create  | App\Http\Controllers\ArticlesController@create                         | web          |
|        | GET|HEAD  | articles/{article}      | articles.show    | App\Http\Controllers\ArticlesController@show                           | web          |
|        | PUT|PATCH | articles/{article}      | articles.update  | App\Http\Controllers\ArticlesController@update                         | web          |
|        | DELETE    | articles/{article}      | articles.destroy | App\Http\Controllers\ArticlesController@destroy                        | web          |
|        | GET|HEAD  | articles/{article}/edit | articles.edit    | App\Http\Controllers\ArticlesController@edit                           | web          |
|        | GET|HEAD  | home                    | home             | App\Http\Controllers\HomeController@index                              | web,auth     |
|        | GET|HEAD  | login                   | login            | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\LoginController@showLoginForm                | web,guest    |
|        | POST      | login                   |                  | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\LoginController@login                        | web,guest    |
|        | POST      | logout                  | logout           | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\LoginController@logout                       | web          |
|        | POST      | password/email          | password.email   | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\ForgotPasswordController@sendResetLinkEmail  | web,guest    |
|        | GET|HEAD  | password/reset          | password.request | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\ForgotPasswordController@showLinkRequestForm | web,guest    |
|        | POST      | password/reset          |                  | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\ResetPasswordController@reset                | web,guest    |
|        | GET|HEAD  | password/reset/{token}  | password.reset   | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\ResetPasswordController@showResetForm        | web,guest    |
|        | GET|HEAD  | register                | register         | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\RegisterController@showRegistrationForm      | web,guest    |
|        | POST      | register                |                  | App\Http\Controllers\Auth\RegisterController@register                  | web,guest    |
+--------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+

创建、修改视图

然后在 resources/views 目录下新建一个文件夹 articles ，然后在 resources/views/articles 目录下新建文件 edit.blade.php、create.blade.php、index.blade.php。

修改create.blade.php

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@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
                <form action="{{route('articles.store')}}" method="post" role="form">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        {{ csrf_field() }}
                        <label for="title">标题</label>
                        <input class="form-control" type="text" name="title" value="{{old('title')}}">
                        <label for="name">文本框</label>
                        <textarea class="form-control" name="articleContent" rows="3"></textarea>
                        <button class="btn btn-primary" style="margin-top:8px; float: right" type="submit">提交</button>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    @endsection

创建文章

然后在ArticlesController.php创建create()的方法

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public function create(){
    return view('articles.create');
}

现在就可以访问http://xxxxx/articles/create，显示创建文章视图，From访问的是储存文章的路由。现在可以写储存文章的方法了。

储存文章

打开 ArticlesController.php 控制器，创建store() 方法。

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<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Article;//因为这段代码中用到了Eloquent 模型的构造器用法，所以需要引入我们之前创建的模型。
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class ArticlesController extends Controller
{
    public function store(Request $request){
        $this->validate($request,[
            'title'=>'required|max:50',//在收到表单传过来的数据时，可以先对表单数据进行验证
        ]);

        $article = Article::create([
            'title' => $request->title,
            'content' => $request->articleContent,
        ]);
        return redirect()->route('article.index');//最后完成文章的创建，然后重定向到文章列表页
    }
}

文章首页

创建index()方法

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public function index(){
    $articles = Article::orderBy('created_at','desc')->get();
    return view('articles.index',compact('articles'));
}

修改articles.index的视图

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@extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')

    <div class="container">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
                <a class="btn btn-primary"  href="{{route('articles.create')}}" style="margin-bottom: 8px;">创建文章</a>


                @foreach($articles as $article)


                    <a href="{{route('articles.edit',$article->id)}}" style="display: block;text-decoration: none;">
                        <div class="panel panel-default">
                            <div class="panel-heading">{{$article->title}}</div>

                            <div class="panel-body">
                                {{$article->content}}
                            </div>
                            <div class="panel-footer">
                                <form action="{{route('articles.destroy',$article->id)}}" method="post" style="display: block;">
                                    {{ csrf_field() }}
                                    {{ method_field('DELETE') }}
                                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">删除</button>
                                </form>


                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </a>
                @endforeach
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
@endsection

好了，现在创建文章和显示文章列表都有了，现在我们做修改文章和删除文章

修改文章

创建edit()方法

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public function edit($id){
    $article = Article::findOrFail($id);
    return view('articles.edit',compact('article'));
}

更新文章

创建update()方法

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public function update(Request $request,$id){
    $this->validate($request,[
        'title'=>'required|max:50'
    ]);
    $article=Article::findOrFail($id);
    $article->update([
        'title'=>$request->title,
        'content'=>$request->articleContent,
    ]);
    return redirect()->route('articles.index');
}

修改articles.edit视图

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 @extends('layouts.app')
@section('content')
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row">
            <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1">
                <form action="{{route('articles.update',$article->id)}}"  method="post" role="form">
                    <div class="form-group">
                        {{ csrf_field() }}
                        {{ method_field('PATCH') }}
                        <label for="title">标题</label>
                        <input class="form-control" type="text" name="title" value="{{$article->title}}">
                        <label for="name">文本框</label>
                        <textarea class="form-control" name="articleContent" rows="3">{{$article->content}}</textarea>
                        <button class="btn btn-primary" style="margin-top:8px; float: right" type="submit">提交</button>
                    </div>
                </form>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
    @endsection

删除文章

现在满足了修改更新，下面我们来写删除。修改destroy()

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public function destroy($id){
    $article=Article::findOrfail($id);
    $article->delete();
    return back();
}

现在我们已经满足了，博客的基本的增、删、改、查、的功能，现在我们添加中间件，只有登录后才能使用博客。

添加登录中间件

打开 ArticlesController.php 控制器，创建__construct() 方法。

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public function __construct()
{
    $this->middleware('auth');
}

打开app/Http/Middleware/RedirectIfAuthenticated.php

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<?php

namespace App\Http\Middleware;

use Closure;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;

class RedirectIfAuthenticated
{
    /**
     * Handle an incoming request.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \Closure  $next
     * @param  string|null  $guard
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function handle($request, Closure $next, $guard = null)
    {
        if (Auth::guard($guard)->check()) {
            return redirect('/articles');//修改重定向到文章列表页
        }

        return $next($request);
    }
}

打开app/Http/Controllers/Auth/LoginController.php

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<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers\Auth;

use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\AuthenticatesUsers;

class LoginController extends Controller
{
    /*
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    | Login Controller
    |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
    |
    | This controller handles authenticating users for the application and
    | redirecting them to your home screen. The controller uses a trait
    | to conveniently provide its functionality to your applications.
    |
    */

    use AuthenticatesUsers;

    /**
     * Where to redirect users after login.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $redirectTo = '/articles';//修改重定向到文章页

    /**
     * Create a new controller instance.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('guest')->except('logout');
    }
}

修改welcome.blade.php视图

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="{{ config('app.locale') }}">
    <head>
        <meta charset="utf-8">
        <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

        <title>Laravel</title>

        <!-- Fonts -->
        <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway:100,600" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">

        <!-- Styles -->
        <style>
            html, body {
                background-color: #fff;
                color: #636b6f;
                font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif;
                font-weight: 100;
                height: 100vh;
                margin: 0;
            }

            .full-height {
                height: 100vh;
            }

            .flex-center {
                align-items: center;
                display: flex;
                justify-content: center;
            }

            .position-ref {
                position: relative;
            }

            .top-right {
                position: absolute;
                right: 10px;
                top: 18px;
            }

            .content {
                text-align: center;
            }

            .title {
                font-size: 84px;
            }

            .links > a {
                color: #636b6f;
                padding: 0 25px;
                font-size: 12px;
                font-weight: 600;
                letter-spacing: .1rem;
                text-decoration: none;
                text-transform: uppercase;
            }

            .m-b-md {
                margin-bottom: 30px;
            }
        </style>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="flex-center position-ref full-height">
            @if (Route::has('login'))
                <div class="top-right links">
                    @if (Auth::check())
                        <a href="{{ route('articles.index') }}">博客</a>
                    @else
                        <a href="{{ url('/login') }}">登录</a>
                        <a href="{{ url('/register') }}">注册</a>
                    @endif
                </div>
            @endif

            <div class="content">
                <div class="title m-b-md">
                    迷你博客 <a href="{{route('articles.index')}}">点我进入</a>
                </div>

                <div class="links">
                    <a href="https://laravel.com/docs">Documentation</a>
                    <a href="https://laracasts.com">Laracasts</a>
                    <a href="https://laravel-news.com">News</a>
                    <a href="https://forge.laravel.com">Forge</a>
                    <a href="https://github.com/laravel/laravel">GitHub</a>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>

文章控制器完整代码

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<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Article;//因为这段代码中用到了Eloquent 模型的构造器用法，所以需要引入我们之前创建的模型。
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class ArticlesController extends Controller
{
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->middleware('auth');
    }
    public function create(){
        return view('articles.create');
    }
    public function edit($id){
        $article = Article::findOrFail($id);
        return view('articles.edit',compact('article'));
    }
    public function index(){
        $articles = Article::orderBy('created_at','desc')->get();
        return view('articles.index',compact('articles'));
    }
    public function store(Request $request){
        $this->validate($request,[
            'title'=>'required|max:50',//在收到表单传过来的数据时，可以先对表单数据进行验证
        ]);

        $article = Article::create([
            'title' => $request->title,
            'content' => $request->articleContent,
        ]);
        return redirect()->route('articles.index');//最后完成文章的创建，然后重定向到文章列表页
    }
    public function update(Request $request,$id){
        $this->validate($request,[
            'title'=>'required|max:50'
        ]);
        $article=Article::findOrFail($id);
        $article->update([
            'title'=>$request->title,
            'content'=>$request->articleContent,
        ]);
        return redirect()->route('articles.index');
    }
    public function destroy($id){
        $article=Article::findOrfail($id);
        $article->delete();
        return back();
    }
}

DEMO项目地址

https://coding.net/u/Colorful_Ghost/p/Laravel-Miniblog/git